Ch. 5 Study Guide

Answer on separate sheets of lined paper. You may type your answers. You must highlight the key words in each question and restate them if needed in your answer.

What is the difference between a food gatherer and a food producer?

f.p. makes own food while f.g. has to hunt and gather; f.p. lives in one place; f.g. is a nomad

How did the introduction of agriculture change life for early humans of the New Stone Age (Neolithic Age)?

Settled down in small communities that developed into world's first civilizations

The economies of the earliest cities were dependent on farming, agriculture

The world's first settlements were located in what modern day region? Middle East

What are the modern day countries of the above named region?

Iran, Iraq, Israel, Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria

What could the people of early civilizations do to prevent famine?

Store surplus grains (wheat & barley)

List the two most important benefits of having surplus crops and goods?

1. Save to prevent famine during drought or other crop failure

2. Trade for other basic needs or luxuries

Describe three advanced farming techniques used by Neolithic farmers.

a. irrigation

b. plow

c. wheel

Describe the early farming settlement known as Catal Huyuk.

About 5,000 people

Self-sufficient

Few doors – entered through roof

Houses clustered with shared walls

Buried dead under floor

Shrines in home

Traded obsidian knifes & arrowheads

Describe the social levels of the first settlements.

Priest at top

Merchants – traders – artisans

farmers

Slaves on the bottom

List five examples of culture.

Art

LAWS

Architecture

RELIGION

MUSIC

List four reasons why communities developed along major rivers.

Water for irrigation

Floods left fertile silt

Trade and transportation route

Protein rich food source fish & birds

List the five ingredients/characteristics of most civilizations.

System of government

Stable food supply

Developed culture

Social levels

Specialized labor

Explain why animals were domesticated before crop farming was introduced.

Nomads could travel with herds of sheep or goats

What are some of the advantages and disadvantage of farming?

Advantages

May be able to produce surplus

Stay in one place & have stable food supply

Can support lots of people

Disadvantages

Labor intensive

Crops could fail for several reasons

Drought could kill plants

War

Floods

Fire

insects

What is obsidian and why was it a valuable resource in Neolithic times?

Volcanic rock, make very sharp tools and weapons, highly valued trade item

Why did some nomads begin to settle down?

-Found good places to live – climate & food

-Mortar & pestle (grind grain) too heavy

-Didn't want to leave valuable homes unguarded

List several different examples of specialized jobs.

Potter, jeweler, tool maker, doctor, administrator, lawyer

Explain how the first farming communities developed into complex civilizations.

Flowchart page 140

Be able to define and use the newest and greatest vocabulary terms

   surplus                          domestication                            famine                          agriculture -                civilization

culture                          specialization                           

   hunter-gatherer                        producer                        

                        Neolithic                   Paleolithic              

basic needs – food, clothing, shelter

drought    = little or no water for long period of time

nomads     person with no permanent home